Paper waste in Construction Industry

Some types of wastes are recyclable and reusable, of which Paper is one of the kinds. Paper wastes can be used to make Bricks or as partial replacement of cement in concrete. This presentation deals with both these aspects,  Bricks made of paper are made by 80-90% of paper waste and 20-15% of cement , which are moulded and dried.  The bricks, constructed were once used in partition walls and false ceilings and had good results. The bricks are 50% less expensive than the cost of traditional bricks and could lend a hand to the Indian construction sector, which currently has a 30% supply deficit.

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In partial replacement of cement in concrete, cement has been replaced by waste paper sludge accordingly in the range of 5% to 20% by weight for M-20 and M-30 mix By using adequate amount of the waste paper pulp and water, concrete mixtures were produced and compared in terms of slump and strength with the conventional concrete. The concrete specimens were tested in three series of test as compression test, splitting tensile test and flexural test. These tests were carried out to evaluate the mechanical properties for up to 28 days. As a result, the compressive, splitting tensile and flexural strength increased up to 10% addition of waste paper pulp and further increased in waste paper pulp reduces the strengths gradually. The research on use of paper sludge can be further carried out in concrete manufacturing as a new recycled material.



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Basic Civil Engineering Q & A - 7

Here are the next set of Basic Civil Engineering Questions and Answers - 7 .

All these questions and answers are taken from various online sources, to share informations .

If there is any uncertainty/Correction, You can let us know the same .

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The exterior angle between outer faces of a wall, is known as - quion

Dado is usually provided in -   bath rooms
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The portion of a brick cut across the width, is called - Bat

To ensure that supporting area of an offset footing of a boundary wall is fully compressive, the C.G. of load must act - within the middle third of the base
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Black cotton soil is unsuitable for foundations because its- property to undergo a volumetric change due to variation of moisture content
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Modular Bricks - composition

• Aluminosilicate Glass
• Ceramic
• Clay
• Concrete
• Fly Ash (Coal Ash)
• Lime
• Quartz

Basic Civil Engineering Q & A - Part 6

Here are the next set of Basic Civil Engineering Questions and Answers - 6 .

All these questions and answers are taken from various online sources, to share informations .

If there is any uncertainty/Correction, You can let us know the same .

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• A column is effectively held in position and restrained in direction at one end but is free at the other end. If the actual length is L.The effective length is
  • 0.67L
  • L
  • 1.5L
  • 2L
  Answer — 2L
  
  
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  • The maximum safe permissible limit of sulphates in domestic water supply is
    • 100 mg/ L
    • 200 mg/ L
    • 500 mg/L
    • 600 mg/ L
    Answer — 200 mg/ L
    
    
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    • In an isolated reinforced concrete column footing of effective depth d,the stress in punching shear is checked
      • at the center of the column
      • at the face of the column
      • at a distance d /2 away from the face of the column
      • at a distance d /2 away from the center of the column
      Answer — at a distance d /2 away from the face of the column
      
      
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      • The additional cover thickness to be provided in reinforced concrete members that are totally immersed in seawater is
        • 25 mm
        • 30 mm
        • 35 mm
        • 40 mm
        Answer — 40mm
        • A simply supported beam has an effective span of 16m. What shall be the limiting ratio of span to effective depth as per IS 456-2000 ?
          • 26
          • 20
          • 12.5
          • 7
          Answer — 12.5
          
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          BLOCK CRACKING IN PAVEMENT
          
          

          

Netherlands Is The 1st Country To Open A Solar Road For Public Use

The world’s first solar bike lane is soon to be available for use in the Netherlands! The bike path that connects the Amsterdam suburbs of Krommenie and Wormerveer is a 70-meter stretch of solar-powered roadway set to open for the public on November 12th, 2014.

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The new solar road, which costs €3m (AUD$4.3m), was created as the first step in a project that the local government hopes will see the path being extended to 100 metres by 2016.

More complimentary plans are also on the table as the country intends to power everything from traffic lights to electric cars using solar panels.

READ MORE HERE : http://www.collective-evolution.com/2014/11/09/netherlands-is-the-first-country-to-open-solar-road-for-public/

Aseismic Design

So welcome back to Acivcrete and in this article , we are sharing you one of the technical aspects of Aseismic design . 

Do you know that Seismic forces are proportional to Weight of the building ???



Seismic forces are proportional to weight of the building , thus greater the mass of structure , greater the seismic forces. Weight reduction is ensured by light weight construction materials or locating heavy structures like Library , swimming pools at ground floors .

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Civil Engineering Q&A - 5

Here are the next set of Basic Civil Engineering Questions and Answers - 5 .

All these questions and answers are taken from various online sources, to share informations .

If there is any uncertainty/Correction, You can let us know the same .

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• In PERT analysis, the time estimates of activities and probability of their occurrence follow
  • beta distribution
  • gamma distribution
  • normal distribution
  • Poisson’s distribution
  Answer — beta distribution
  
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• A sewer of 400mm diameter and slope 1 in 400,running half-full, has a flow velocity of 0.82m/sec. What velocity of flow will be obtained if the slope is made 1 in 100?
  • 3.28m/s
  • 1.64 m/s
  • 0.82m/s
  • 0.41m/s
  Answer — 1.64 m/s
• A simply supported beam is considered as a deep beam if the ratio of effective span to overall depth is less than
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  Answer — 2
  
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  • The minimum grade of reinforced concrete in seawater as per IS 456-2000 is
    • M 15
    • M 20
    • M 30
    • M 40
    Answer — M 30
    
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    • Torsion reinforcement provided at the corners of a two-way slab
      • distributes bending moment uniformly
      • prevents corners from lifting
      • controls cracking at corners
      • does not allow any twist at corners
      Answer — controls cracking at corners
      
      • A concrete beam of rectangular cross-section of 200 mm x 400 mm is pre stressed with a force of 400kN at an eccentricity of 100 mm. The maximum compressive stress in the concrete is
        • 12.5N/mm2
        • 7.5 N/mm2
        • 5.0 N/mm2
        • 2.5 N/mm2
        
        
        Answer — 12.5N/mm2
        
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        ~ Ready Mix Concrete ~ ( RMC)
        
        
        

Civil Engineering Intro Video NIT Silchar

Basic Civil Engineering Q&A - 4

• If one intends to obtain the best workability of concrete,the preferred shape of aggregate is
  • round
  • annular
  • triangular
  • flinty
  Answer — round

• Consider the common methods related to testing of concrete 1.Consistency
  2.Compacting factor
  3.Vee-Bee
  4.Setting time
  5.Slump
  Which of these methods refer to measuring workability of concrete?
  • 1,2 and 3
  • 1,2 and 5
  • 2,3 and 4
  • 2,3 and 5
  Answer — 2,3 and 5

• Gypsum is added into the raw materials during manufacture of cement so that the final product exhibits
  • retarded initial setting time
  • improved mouldability for cornices, etc.
  • increased compressive strength
  • augmented bond strength
  Answer — retarded initial setting time
  • If a material has identical elastic properties in all directions, it is said to be
    • elastic
    • isotropic
    • orthotropic
    • homogeneous
    Answer — isotropic
    • If
      A = Cross-sectional area
      E = Young’s modulus of elasticity
      G = Modulus of rigidity
      I = Moment of inertia
      J = Polar moment of inertia
      then torsional rigidity is given by
      • AE
      • GE
      • EI
      • GJ
      Answer — GJ
      • In a two-dimensional stress system,the radius of the Mohr’s circle represents
        • maximum normal stress
        • minimum normal stress
        • minimum shear stress
        • maximum shear stress
        Answer –maximum shear stress
        • The polar moment of inertia of the cross-section of the member is required to assess the strength of the member in
          • bending
          • torsion
          • axial force
          • shear
          Answer — torsion
          
          

Basic Civil Engineering Q&A -3

All the questions and answers have been referred from various online sources. Hope they are useful . We have already updated 2 Sets of Q&A (Check previous posts)

• Fineness of cement is measured in the units of
  • volume / mass
  • mass / volume
  • area / mass
  • mass / area
  Answer — area / mass
  
  • The initial setting time of cement depends most on
    • tricalcium aluminate
    • tricaleium silicate
    • tricalcium aluminoferrite
    • dicalcium silicate
    Answer — tricalcium aluminate 
  • Sand in cement mortar is used for
    1.increasing the strength
    2.reducing the shrinkage
    3.decreasing the surface area of the binding material
    4.decreasing the quantity of cement
    Which of these statements are correct?
    • 1,2 and 4
    • 1,2 and 3
    • 1,3 and 4
    • 2,3 and 4
    Answer — 1,2 and 3
    
    • According to the Indian Standard Specifications, concrete should be cured under a humidity of
      • 90%
      • 80%
      • 70%
      • 60%
      Answer — 90%
      
      Seasoning of timber results in
      1.increased strength
      2.increased durability
      3.reduced resilience
      4.increased dimensional stability
      Which of these statements are correct?
      • 1,2 and 4
      • 1,2 and 3
      • 1,3 and 4
      • 2,3 and 4
      Answer — 1,2 and 4
      
      • The standard size of a brick is
        • 20cm x 10cm x 10 cm
        • 19cm x 9cm x 9cm
        • 18cm x 9cm x 9cm
        • 18cm x 10cm x 10 cm
        Answer — 19cm x 9cm x 9cm

Basic Civil Engineering -2

Cast iron piles

A. are suitable for works under sea water B. resist shocks or vibrations C. are suitable for use as batter piles D. are useful for heavy vertical loads. (ANSWER) The depth of an arch is the distance between A. ground level and springing line B. crown and springing line C. crown and ground level D. intrados and extrados. (Answer) Expansion joints in masonry walls are provided if length exceeds A. 10 m B. 20 m C. 30 m D. 40 m (Answer ) E. 50 m.  What are the functions of a column in a building?  Comment your answer below  Can you Explain this representation

Basic Civil Engineering Questions -1

Thanks for visiting this space.  This forum is just to discuss the basics of Civil Engineering.

You can Write Your Answers in the Comments and +1 ( Share ) , If you liked our First set of questions. 

1. What is the difference between Nominal Mix and Design Mix ?

2. How can you define concrete technically ?

3. What type of Cracking is common in pavements/roads ?

4. What is Green House Building concept all about ?

5. Can you guess what this representation is all about ?