Basic civil engineering Q&A Part 15

Fault : Remedy

->Mix too dry: Slightly reduce quantities of coarse and fine aggregates.
->Mix too wet: Slightly increase quantities of coarse and fine aggregates.
->Mix harsh& lacking plasticity: Slightly increase quantity of fine and slightly increase decrease quantity of coarse aggregate.

REINFORCEMENT REQUIREMENT IN BEAMS

-- Minimum tensile steel is given by the ratio Ast/bd=0.85/fy
.
-- Maximum Tensile Reinforcement in Beams shall not exceed 0.04 bD.

-- Maximum area of compression reinforcement shall not exceed 0.04 bD.

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--Beam having depth exceeding 750 mm, side face reinforcement of 0.1% of web area shall be provided. This reinforcement shall be equally distributed on two faces at a spacing not exceeding 300 or web thickness or whichever is less.

TYPES OF STIRRUPS AND THEIR USES
-->Open stirrups are provided principally to resist shear forces in concrete beams and they are
applied in locations in which the effect of torsion is insignificant. 
-->U-shaped stirrups are
placed in the tension side of concrete beams in which shear cracks would occur. 
-->Closed shaped stirrups are used 
when concrete beams are designed to resist a substantial amount of torsion.

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